The XVIIème and the XVIIIème century also transfers the renovation of the real estate heritage, as well as the extension of the surfaces built inside the surrounding walls, but also out the walls.
Inside of the enclosed city, the district that probably knew the more of transformation was the one of the Cordelierses. Before the revolution, the Parliament had, indeed, authorized the monks to alienate 3 gardens making 242 square heights, either of the side of the street of Saint-Sever either along the one of the port. It certainly explains itself by the neighborhood of one of the most active districts of the city.
On the other hand, 2 sectors keep many spaces emptiness arranged in gardens again. It is about, on the one hand, of the oriental part of the Borough - a street is called street of the Gardens again - of the other, in the castelnau, of the one of the dungeon of the Cataye.
If it is difficult - due to a lack of elements of comparison - to appreciate the evolution that could occur in the occupation of the soils of the castelnau and the Borough, between the beginning of the XVIIème century and the one of the XIXème century, it is not any in the same way for the outskirts. The contrast is here total between the drawing of J. of Weert and the plan of 1811. Even though a certain number of houses during the last two decades, most it was before 1789.
By order of importance, the district that is himself the more developed is the one that surrounds the Borough, of the area Door to the one of the Port, while passing by the one of Saint-Sever.
If new houses have been built naturally along these 3 road axes, had occurred like that already to the Middle Ages, 2 districts individualized themselves distinctly: the one of the place Saint-Roch between the roads of area and of Saint-Sever, the one of the Port - that lost its surrounding wall - composed now of 2 elements: around the place of the Port and between the road of Bayonne and the holds of the Midouze a sector of big buildings especially sheltering stores and warehouses; beyond the Rue des saquets, a district to the inhabited minuscule houses probably by sailors and maneuvers, phenomenon that one recovers, besides to the periphery of the place Saint-Roch.
The development of the district of the Port translates the eminent place kept by Mont de Marsan like market to wines, to the waters of life of Armagnac and to the grains: in 1654, the city is always considered as the attic of the Bass-Guyenne and, in the middle of the XVIIIème century, if it undergoes the competition of Bazas, it occupies an again all first place.
The second district to be individualized itself is the one of Saint-Jean-d'Août, named as suburb of the Moors. Its development is bound to the presence of the bridge on which clears the roads of the Big Moor, those of Sabers and Labrits.
The habitat developed itself naturally of it along the axes of circulation, but it appears for a large part bound to the presence of 2 specific activities; first of all, to the south, the one of the tanneries working the skins of sheep and cows landais, in second place, those of the warehouses - maybe for wood, in relation with the Midouze? A district that is called besides, the Port of Campet, is joined to the river by a path clearing on a hold.
It finally exists, on the road of Roquefort, a last suburb, minuscule this one, said Borough-nine by opposition to the castelnau, separated of the battlements by the place of the Pincers. This bursting of the city made itself therefore especially southbound in relation with the roads of Saint-Sever and of area and the Port of the Midouze; but, the development of the district of Campet reveals the importance that to take the Big Moor in the economy of the country begins.
The delay taken by the Borough-nine explains itself by historic reasons: the presence during a long time, to this place, of the most important walled whole of all the city.
Three other sectors didn't take part again in the flight of the agglomeration: it is about, first, of those of right strand of the Twelve and the Midouze, upstream and downstream the districts of Campets and Landes.
It results, for a part of the general orientation of the road axes that crosses the city, as well as of the site of the port of the Midouze, but also of the absence of bridges: the construction of the one of the Nursery out of the Douze won't take place only in 1819 and the Midouze will only be cleared in 1832, with the construction of the Bridge of the Trade.
The same phenomenon also gives account of the emptiness that one notes on the two strands of the Midou, beyond the door of area. It will be necessary to wait for 1842 so that a honest bridge, finally, these districts to the rest of the agglomeration.
In any case, occurs like that frequently in the cities of the end of the XVIIIème century, one goes without transition from the city to the country. One will note, however, the existence of a market and fruit belt - and even a nursery - in the outskirts and in the city and, more original, the one of a small out-of-town vineyard.
All along the 7 centuries of its history, Mont de Marsan lived in narrow relation with the road and the bridge that had governed its birth in a way. But, since the XVIème century, otherwise before, and more and more, it seems, until the end of the XVIIIème century, it is of its function of point of gathering of the products of the Marsan and the Armagnac - grains, wines and waters of life - and of head of navigation on the Midouze that the city especially lived.
These are not these activities and even less its population that in 1790 made it prefer in Dax like county seat of the new department of the Landes, but its situation in the center of this new administrative whole. This new function that one discerns through the breakthroughs of streets and the constructions of public buildings, since the First Empire, certainly entailed a fast growth of the population that passed 2236 inhabitants in 1773 to 5256 in 1806, of which 4254 for the city.
With the revolution of the transportation and the one of the economy landaise, these born administrative functions two centuries ago made forget today that was then a castelnau, a bridge, a port before being a prefecture Mont de Marsan.
